Difference between revisions of "Noise"

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* OSHA uses a '''5 dB''' doubling rate (aka, ''exchange rate'').  For every 5dB ''increase'', maximum time until 100% dosage ''halves''.
+
== General Considerations ==
−
* '''Peak:'''  ''At no point'' during an employee's work shift should they be exposed to a sound pressure level over '''140dB C-weighted'''.
+
*OSHA uses a '''5 dB''' doubling rate (aka, ''exchange rate'').  For every 5dB ''increase'', maximum time until 100% dosage ''halves''.
−
** NOTE: I previously had '''non-weighted''' (otherwise known as ''Z-weighting'') because no OSHA reference material or publications seen by me had reference to weighting as it applies to ''peaks''.  However, the ACGIH and others set this limit with ''C-weighting''.
+
*'''Peak:'''  ''At no point'' during an employee's work shift should he/she be exposed to a sound pressure level over '''140dB C-weighted'''.
−
* '''Error Factor''' → The error of the dosimeter must be factored in to the consideration of a violative condition.
+
**NOTE: I previously had '''non-weighted''' (otherwise known as ''Z-weighting'') because no OSHA reference material or publications seen by me had reference to weighting as it applies to ''peaks''.  However, the ACGIH and others set this limit with ''C-weighting''.
−
** For example, the dosimeters used at KYOSH are '''Type II''' dosimeters.  This indicates an error of '''2 dB'''.
+
*'''Error Factor''': The error of the dosimeter must be factored in to the consideration of a violative condition.
−
** A Type I dosimeter has an error of only 1 dB.
+
**For example, the dosimeters used at KYOSH are '''Type II''' dosimeters.  This indicates an error of '''2 dB'''.
−
 
+
**A Type I dosimeter has an error of only 1 dB.
−
== Noise Standards ==
+
{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; text-align:center;"
−
 
+
!Exposure Time
−
=== For Noise Exposure — 1910.95(a) and (b) ===
+
(Hours)
−
* ''Exchange (Doubling) Rate'': 5 dB
+
!Action Level
−
* ''Criterion Level'': 90 dBA
+
(dBA)
−
* ''Threshold'': 90 dBA*
+
|-
 +
|8||85
 +
|-
 +
|9||84.2
 +
|-
 +
|10||83.4
 +
|-
 +
|12||82.1
 +
|-
 +
|16||80
 +
|}
 +
*'''Shift Length Considerations''': Unlike most other standards, the length of an employee's shift affects how noise exposure should be considered.  In the case of noise exposure, only the Action Level is reduced.  The '''PEL''' is not affected.
 +
**However, the '''Action Level (AL)''' is proportionally affected by the length of the shift.  Because the Hearing Conservation Program (HCP) portion of 29 CFR 1910.95 was an amendment to the original standard, different considerations are in place.  This includes the fact that sound level pressures (SLP) all the way down to 80 dBA are included in exposure calculations.
 +
**The AL is reduced for shifts over 8 hours, according to the following equation:
 +
***[[File:Noise - Extended Shifts Action Level.png|310x310px]]
 +
***The table to the right shows some examples of Action Level reduction.
  
−
=== For Hearing Conservation — 1910.95(c) (General Industry amendment; not Construction) ===
+
==Standards==
−
* ''Exchange (Doubling) Rate'': 5 dB
+
===<!-- • The exchange rate, criterion level, and threshold data for these standards should be converted to table format. • The differences between a & b vs. c should be explained, including the Hearing Conservation amendment; and the overall timeline. • Construction standards should also be added. -->For Noise Exposure — 1910.95(a) and (b); 1926.52 and 1926.101===
−
* ''Criterion Level'': 90 dBA
+
*''Exchange (Doubling) Rate'': 5 dB
−
* ''Threshold'': 80 dBA*
+
*''Criterion Level'': 90 dBA
 +
*''Threshold'': 90 dBA*
 +
===For Hearing Conservation — 1910.95(c)===
 +
*''Exchange (Doubling) Rate'': 5 dB
 +
*''Criterion Level'': 90 dBA
 +
*''Threshold'': 80 dBA*
 +
*There is no Hearing Conservation amendment to 29 CFR 1926 (Construction).
 
  *''See OSHA Tech Manual Section III, Chapter 5, I.A.3. and I.A.4.''
 
  *''See OSHA Tech Manual Section III, Chapter 5, I.A.3. and I.A.4.''
  
−
== Standard Threshold Shift (STS) ==
+
=== Enforcement Guidance ===
−
An '''STS''' is a change in hearing threshold relative to the ''baseline audiogram'' of an average of '''''10 dB''' or more'' at '''''2000''''', '''''3000''''', and '''''4000 Hz''''' in either ear. 
+
[https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=DIRECTIVES&p_id=4875 CPL 02-01-050: 29 CFR Part 1910, Subpart I, Enforcement Guidance for Personal Protective Equipment in General Industry]
−
* When a STS has occurred and the employee’s hearing level is at least 25 dB above audiometric zero in the same ear, the hearing loss is recordable on 300 logs.
 
−
 
 
−
* If a STS has occurred, you set this new audiogram as the ''Revised Baseline Audiogram''.
 
  
−
== Sampling ==
+
==Standard Threshold Shift (STS)==
 +
An '''STS''' is a change in hearing threshold relative to the ''baseline audiogram'' of an average of '''''10 dB''' or more'' at '''''2000''''', '''''3000''''', and '''''4000 Hz''''' in either ear.
 +
*When a STS has occurred and the employee’s hearing level is at least 25 dB above audiometric zero in the same ear, the hearing loss is recordable on 300 logs.
  
−
=== Substance Codes ===
+
*If a STS has occurred, you set this new audiogram as the ''Revised Baseline Audiogram''.
 +
==Sampling==
 +
===Substance Codes===
 
{|
 
{|
 
|'''8111'''
 
|'''8111'''
Line 36: Line 58:
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
=== Edge eg5 Noise Dosimeter (3M) ===
+
== Equipment ==
 +
 
 +
===Edge eg5 Noise Dosimeter (3M)===
 +
When performing sampling with the Edge, there are a few key terms to remember.
 +
* '''Session''': The entire run of sampling for a complete shift, whether the sampling was paused or not.
 +
* '''Study''': A sub-unit of a ''session'' created when a ''session'' is paused using the Play/Stop button.
  
−
==== Detection Management Software ====
+
====Detection Management Software====
 
★ ''This software is required when changing settings on the device, including setting date/time.  There is no way to do this from the device itself.''
 
★ ''This software is required when changing settings on the device, including setting date/time.  There is no way to do this from the device itself.''
  
−
===== Procedures for setting/checking configuration in DMS =====
+
==== Display Notations ====
−
# Set each of the eg5 dosimeters into the charging base.
+
[[File:Edge Display Notation.png|none|thumb|640x640px|Table 3-1 from the ''3M Edge eg5 Noise Dosimeter User Manual'']]
−
# Power on each dosimeter.  (NOTE: Don't skip this part. Turn it on!)
+
 
−
# Ensure the USB cable is plugged into both the charging base and the computer.
+
====Procedures for setting/checking configuration in DMS====
−
# Open the 3M DMS software.
+
#Set each of the eg5 dosimeters into the charging base.
−
# Click the "Setup" button, which will take you to the Setup page.
+
#Power on each dosimeter.  (NOTE: Don't skip this part. Turn it on!)
−
# On the left-hand side, choose "Noise Dosimetry" under "Family," then "Edge" under "Instrument," and then "Edge 5" under "Model."
+
#Ensure the USB cable is plugged into both the charging base and the computer.
−
# In the pane immediately to the right, it should list every Edge dosimeter you have correctly set into the charging base ''and'' turned on.  Each dosimeter listed should have a green check next to it indicating that it's detected.
+
#Open the 3M DMS software.
−
# ''Importing a saved configuration''
+
#Click the "Setup" button, which will take you to the Setup page.
−
## Under "Configuration Profile Management" on the right, right-click somewhere in the empty space.
+
#On the left-hand side, choose "Noise Dosimetry" under "Family," then "Edge" under "Instrument," and then "Edge 5" under "Model."
−
## Choose "Import Profile."
+
#In the pane immediately to the right, it should list every Edge dosimeter you have correctly set into the charging base ''and'' turned on.  Each dosimeter listed should have a green check next to it indicating that it's detected.
−
## Select the pre-configured profile you want to import.'''*'''
+
#''Importing a saved configuration''
−
## Once imported, select it and choose "Load."
+
##Under "Configuration Profile Management" on the right, right-click somewhere in the empty space.
−
## ''Optional'': You can also set it as default.
+
##Choose "Import Profile."
−
# ''Setting the configuration''
+
##Select the pre-configured profile you want to import.'''*'''
−
## Check the box next to the dosimeter(s) whose configurations you want to set.
+
##Once imported, select it and choose "Load."
−
## Starting with either an imported profile or one that is built-in, make any modifications you'd like using the tabs on this page (Dosimeter, Display, Security, etc.).
+
##''Optional'': You can also set it as default.
−
## Scroll down toward the bottom of the Setup screen and click "Set Configuration."
+
#''Setting the configuration''
−
## This can take some time, so be patient. Check the progress in the text window near the bottom.
+
##Check the box next to the dosimeter(s) whose configurations you want to set.
−
# ''Setting date and time''
+
##Starting with either an imported profile or one that is built-in, make any modifications you'd like using the tabs on this page (Dosimeter, Display, Security, etc.).
−
## Scroll all the way down under the Setup screen; OR click on the word "Setup."
+
##Scroll down toward the bottom of the Setup screen and click "Set Configuration."
−
## You'll see some additional blue bars with icons next to both "Download" and "Miscellaneous Setup."
+
##This can take some time, so be patient. Check the progress in the text window near the bottom.
−
## Click anywhere on the words Miscellaneous Setup.
+
#''Setting date and time''
−
## Check the boxes next to the dosimeters you're wanting to set.
+
##Scroll all the way down under the Setup screen; OR click on the word "Setup."
−
## Choose "Current System Time."
+
##You'll see some additional blue bars with icons next to both "Download" and "Miscellaneous Setup."
−
## Click "Set Date-Time."
+
##Click anywhere on the words Miscellaneous Setup.
−
  '''*'''There is a pre-configured configuration file that you can import into the DMS.  This configuration file is saved in the IH Shared folder on the H drive:
+
##Check the boxes next to the dosimeters you're wanting to set.
−
+
##Choose "Current System Time."
−
  H:\IH Shared\OSH Reference\Equipment\Configuration Files\Edge_Dosimeter_Config_ky.xml
+
##Click "Set Date-Time."
 +
  <!-- The file should be linked to S3 storage. -->'''*'''A pre-configured, KYOSH-specific configuration file is available to import into the DMS.  Download it from [https://s3oshkynet.s3.amazonaws.com/OSH%20Reference/Equipment/Configuration%20Files/Edge%20Noise%20Dosimeter%20Config%20KYOSH.xml here].
 +
==Basic Qualities of Sound==
 +
{{OTM Blurb}}
 +
 
 +
['''''INCOMPLETE...OBVIOUSLY''''']
 
[[Category:Health]]
 
[[Category:Health]]

Latest revision as of 21:49, 10 October 2017

General Considerations

  • OSHA uses a 5 dB doubling rate (aka, exchange rate).  For every 5dB increase, maximum time until 100% dosage halves.
  • Peak: At no point during an employee's work shift should he/she be exposed to a sound pressure level over 140dB C-weighted.
    • NOTE: I previously had non-weighted (otherwise known as Z-weighting) because no OSHA reference material or publications seen by me had reference to weighting as it applies to peaks. However, the ACGIH and others set this limit with C-weighting.
  • Error Factor: The error of the dosimeter must be factored in to the consideration of a violative condition.
    • For example, the dosimeters used at KYOSH are Type II dosimeters. This indicates an error of 2 dB.
    • A Type I dosimeter has an error of only 1 dB.
Exposure Time

(Hours)

Action Level

(dBA)

8 85
9 84.2
10 83.4
12 82.1
16 80
  • Shift Length Considerations: Unlike most other standards, the length of an employee's shift affects how noise exposure should be considered. In the case of noise exposure, only the Action Level is reduced. The PEL is not affected.
    • However, the Action Level (AL) is proportionally affected by the length of the shift. Because the Hearing Conservation Program (HCP) portion of 29 CFR 1910.95 was an amendment to the original standard, different considerations are in place. This includes the fact that sound level pressures (SLP) all the way down to 80 dBA are included in exposure calculations.
    • The AL is reduced for shifts over 8 hours, according to the following equation:
      • Error creating thumbnail: Unable to save thumbnail to destination
      • The table to the right shows some examples of Action Level reduction.

Standards

For Noise Exposure — 1910.95(a) and (b); 1926.52 and 1926.101

  • Exchange (Doubling) Rate: 5 dB
  • Criterion Level: 90 dBA
  • Threshold: 90 dBA*

For Hearing Conservation — 1910.95(c)

  • Exchange (Doubling) Rate: 5 dB
  • Criterion Level: 90 dBA
  • Threshold: 80 dBA*
  • There is no Hearing Conservation amendment to 29 CFR 1926 (Construction).
*See OSHA Tech Manual Section III, Chapter 5, I.A.3. and I.A.4.

Enforcement Guidance

CPL 02-01-050: 29 CFR Part 1910, Subpart I, Enforcement Guidance for Personal Protective Equipment in General Industry

Standard Threshold Shift (STS)

An STS is a change in hearing threshold relative to the baseline audiogram of an average of 10 dB or more at 2000, 3000, and 4000 Hz in either ear.

  • When a STS has occurred and the employee’s hearing level is at least 25 dB above audiometric zero in the same ear, the hearing loss is recordable on 300 logs.
  • If a STS has occurred, you set this new audiogram as the Revised Baseline Audiogram.

Sampling

Substance Codes

8111 Hearing Conservation Program (Action Level @ 50% dose / 85 dBA)
8110 Engineering Controls (PEL @ 100% dose / 90 dBA)

Equipment

Edge eg5 Noise Dosimeter (3M)

When performing sampling with the Edge, there are a few key terms to remember.

  • Session: The entire run of sampling for a complete shift, whether the sampling was paused or not.
  • Study: A sub-unit of a session created when a session is paused using the Play/Stop button.

Detection Management Software

★ This software is required when changing settings on the device, including setting date/time.  There is no way to do this from the device itself.

Display Notations

Table 3-1 from the 3M Edge eg5 Noise Dosimeter User Manual

Procedures for setting/checking configuration in DMS

  1. Set each of the eg5 dosimeters into the charging base.
  2. Power on each dosimeter. (NOTE: Don't skip this part. Turn it on!)
  3. Ensure the USB cable is plugged into both the charging base and the computer.
  4. Open the 3M DMS software.
  5. Click the "Setup" button, which will take you to the Setup page.
  6. On the left-hand side, choose "Noise Dosimetry" under "Family," then "Edge" under "Instrument," and then "Edge 5" under "Model."
  7. In the pane immediately to the right, it should list every Edge dosimeter you have correctly set into the charging base and turned on. Each dosimeter listed should have a green check next to it indicating that it's detected.
  8. Importing a saved configuration
    1. Under "Configuration Profile Management" on the right, right-click somewhere in the empty space.
    2. Choose "Import Profile."
    3. Select the pre-configured profile you want to import.*
    4. Once imported, select it and choose "Load."
    5. Optional: You can also set it as default.
  9. Setting the configuration
    1. Check the box next to the dosimeter(s) whose configurations you want to set.
    2. Starting with either an imported profile or one that is built-in, make any modifications you'd like using the tabs on this page (Dosimeter, Display, Security, etc.).
    3. Scroll down toward the bottom of the Setup screen and click "Set Configuration."
    4. This can take some time, so be patient. Check the progress in the text window near the bottom.
  10. Setting date and time
    1. Scroll all the way down under the Setup screen; OR click on the word "Setup."
    2. You'll see some additional blue bars with icons next to both "Download" and "Miscellaneous Setup."
    3. Click anywhere on the words Miscellaneous Setup.
    4. Check the boxes next to the dosimeters you're wanting to set.
    5. Choose "Current System Time."
    6. Click "Set Date-Time."
*A pre-configured, KYOSH-specific configuration file is available to import into the DMS.  Download it from here.

Basic Qualities of Sound

★ This section is taken largely from Section III, Chapter 5, of the OSHA Technical Manual (OTM). The OTM is a fantastic resource for the science behind the inspections, sampling, and analysis of what Industrial Hygienists do in protecting the Commonwealth's workers. Refer to it and refer to it frequently.

[INCOMPLETE...OBVIOUSLY]

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